VITEEE 2012 Paper

(a) Benzoin condensation : Heating ethanolic solution with strong alkali like KCN or NaCN, benzoin is obtained $2\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_5$ - $\overset{\mathrm{O}}{\overset{\parallel}{\mathrm{C}}}$ - H $\xrightarrow{\mathrm{CN}^{-}}$ $\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_5 - \overset{\mathrm{O}}{\overset{\parallel}{\mathrm{C}}}$- $\underset{\underset{\mathrm{C}}{\underset{\mathrm{OH}}{\vert}}}{\mathrm{H}}$ - $\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_5$ (Benzoin) (b) Formation of phenolphthalein phenol is treated with phthalic anhydride in the presence of cone. $\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{SO}_4$, it gives phenolphthalein, an indicator. (c) Fries rearrangement Phenyl benzoate heated with anhydrous $\mathrm{AlCI}_3$ in the presence of inert solvent gives ortho- and Para-hydroxybenzophenone. In this rearrangement, there is only a benzoyl group migration from the phenolic oxygen to an ortho-and para-position. (d) Methylsalicylate (A chief constituent of oil of wintergreen)