Concept:Instinct theory states that motivation stems from innate, biological instincts that drive behaviour without learning.
Explanation:William McDougall proposed this theory. He believed instincts are purposive and goal-directed.
All organisms are born with natural tendencies that help them survive.
These instincts are prime determinants of behaviour.
For example, a newborn’s rooting reflex is an instinct to seek nourishment.
According to this view, motivation is intrinsic, arising from internal needs like hunger or thirst.
Learning or conditioning does not change instinctive behaviour.
Thus, the theory is attributed to McDougall, not Freud, Hull, or Morgan.
Answer:C. McDougall