Right to privacy is protected as an intrinsic part of the right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 and as a part of the freedoms guaranteed by Part III of the Constitution.
In Puttaswamy v. Union of India case, 2017, the Right to Privacy was declared a fundamental right by the Supreme Court.
Generally understood that privacy is synonymous with the right to be let alone.
The right may be restricted only by state action that passes each of the three tests:
First, such state action must have a legislative mandate;
Second, it must be pursuing a legitimate state purpose; and
Third, it must be proportionate i.e., such state action- both in its nature and extent, must be necessary in a democratic society and the action ought to be the least intrusive of the available alternatives to accomplish the ends.