Concept:Twinkling of stars is caused by atmospheric refraction, where light bends as it passes through air layers of varying density.
Explanation:Starlight enters Earth's atmosphere, which has layers with different temperatures and densities.
These layers cause continuous bending (refraction) of the light rays.
Since stars are point sources, even small shifts in the apparent position make them appear to flicker or twinkle.
The effect is stronger near the horizon because light travels through more atmosphere.
Other phenomena like interference, polarization, and diffraction do not explain this flickering.
Interference requires coherent sources, which stars are not.
Polarization is about light wave orientation, not position fluctuation.
Diffraction occurs around obstacles, but does not cause twinkling.
Answer:Option B: Refraction of light