Concept:The medieval Indian titles Gajapati, Ashvapati, and Narapati correspond to the rulers of Orissa, the Deccan Sultans, and the Vijayanagara Empire respectively.
Explanation:The term Gajapati means “lord of elephants” and refers to the powerful Gajapati Dynasty of Orissa (present-day Odisha).
This dynasty ruled the Kalinga region during the medieval period and is known for its patronage of art and architecture, especially the Jagannath Temple at Puri.
Hence, pair 1 is correctly matched.
The term Ashvapati means “lord of horses” and is associated with the Deccan Sultans, particularly the rulers of the Bahmani Sultanate and its successor states (Bijapur, Golkonda, etc.).
These sultans held the title Ashvapati to signify their cavalry strength.
Hence, pair 2 is correctly matched.
The term Narapati means “lord of men” and is used for the Rayas (kings) of the Vijayanagara Empire.
The Vijayanagara rulers, such as those of the Sangama and Tuluva dynasties, styled themselves as Narapati.
Hence, pair 3 is correctly matched.
All three pairs accurately reflect the historical titles used by these medieval Indian kingdoms.
Answer:C. 1, 2 and 3