y(x)=cos‌x−3 Domain of cos‌x is R. By subtracting 3 from cos‌x, there will not be any change in the domain. So, domain of y(x) is R. ‌‌−1≤cos‌x≤1 ‌‌−1−3≤cos‌x−3≤1−3 ‌‌−4≤cos‌x−3≤−2 Range ∈[−4,−2].