Concept:Animism is the tendency of young children to attribute life, feelings, and intentions to inanimate objects like dolls or toys.
This concept is a key feature of Piaget’s pre-operational stage (2–7 years).
Explanation:The little girl changes her doll’s clothes every day because she believes the doll is alive and has feelings.
According to Piaget, this is a classic example of animism.
In the pre-operational stage, children cannot yet distinguish between living and non-living things.
They often treat toys, dolls, or teddy bears as if they have human-like intentions and emotions.
Piaget described four levels of animism:
At ages 4–5, almost everything is seen as alive.
At 5–7, only moving objects are considered alive.
At 7–9, only objects that move on their own are seen as alive.
At 9–12, only plants and animals are correctly identified as living.
The girl’s daily action of changing the doll’s clothes clearly reflects the first level of animism.
Behaviorism focuses on learning through environmental stimuli, not relevant here.
Constructivism emphasizes active knowledge construction, not this behavior.
Humanism prioritizes human agency over supernatural beliefs, not applicable.
Answer:Animism (Option D)