Concept: Bulking of sand: Bulking in sand Occurs When dry sand interacts with atmospheric moisture. The presence of moisture content forms a thin layer around sand particles. This layer generates the force which makes particles move aside from each other. This results in an increase in the volume of sand. Percentage of bulking can be determined by: Percentage of bulking of sand =
h1−h2
h2
×100 Where h1 = Height of the sand sample h2 = Height of the sand in water or saturated sand Calculation: Given, h1=20‌cm and h2=16‌cm Percentage of bulking of sand =