Concept: Bulk Unit weight (γb): It is defined as the ratio of the
total weight of soil to the total volume of the soil mass. γb =
=
Water Content (w):​Water content or moisture content of a soil mass is defined as the ratio of the weight of water to the weight of solids (dry weight) of the soil mass.
W =
; w ≥ 0
It is denoted by the w and is commonly expressed as a percentage. The
minimum value for water content is
0. There is
no upper limit for water content.
Dry Unit Weight (γdÂ):-​ Dry unit weight is defined as the
weight of soil solids per unit volume of soil. It is denoted by the letter symbol γd it has the
unit of kN/
m3 .
(γd)== It is used as a measure of the denseness of soil. A high value of dry unit weight indicates that more solids are packed in a unit volume of soil hence a more compact soil.
Specific gravity of solids (G):-​ The specific gravity of solids is defined as the
ratio of the unit weight of solids to the unit weight of water. It is denoted by the letter G and is a unitless quantity.
G =
Explanation: γd== =17.094‌kN∕m3 If void ratio 'e' remains unchanged during drying,
also remains unchanged.
γd= 17.094= w=0.11=11%