Concept:Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) are rural self-government bodies in India. The 73rd Amendment gave them constitutional status and mandatory framework.
Explanation:The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act was passed in 1992. It came into force on 24 April 1993. This amendment added Part IX titled "The Panchayats" to the Constitution. It also added the Eleventh Schedule listing 29 subjects for Panchayats.
The amendment created a three-tier system: Gram Panchayat (village), Panchayat Samiti (block), and Zila Parishad (district). It mandated direct elections at all levels. It reserved seats for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and women (33%). It recognised the Gram Sabha as the foundation body. It also mandated a fixed 5-year tenure for Panchayats.
Other amendments do not relate to Panchayati Raj. The 42nd Amendment made many changes to the Constitution but not for PRIs. The 52nd Amendment dealt with anti-defection law. The 99th Amendment set up the National Judicial Appointments Commission.
Answer:D. 73rd Amendment