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Question Numbers: 81-85
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
India’s COVID-19 vaccination programme was one of the largest public-health operations ever attempted, but its execution encountered multiple structural and social hurdles. With a population exceeding a billion, the country had to manage fluctuating vaccine availability, widespread misinformation, and stark differences in healthcare infrastructure between urban and rural regions. During the initial phase, big cities received a larger share of doses, partly because most cold-storage facilities, trained staff, and supply channels were concentrated there. Remote areas, lacking stable power supply and proper storage equipment, struggled to maintain the required temperature for vaccine transport, causing delays and unequal coverage. At the same time, vaccine hesitancy complicated the rollout. Misleading information circulating on social media platforms—especially in regional languages—created doubts about vaccine safety and fuelled rumours of hidden agendas. Many communities were reluctant to participate until trusted local leaders, health volunteers, and civil-society groups engaged directly with them, helping dispel fears through awareness drives. The government introduced CoWIN, a digital system for registration and tracking, intending to streamline the process. However, this technological solution unintentionally excluded millions who did not own smartphones or lacked basic digital literacy, reinforcing pre-existing inequalities. Eventually, India adapted its approach by involving state governments more closely, increasing outreach through mobile vaccination units, and encouraging local influencers to promote awareness. Growth in domestic vaccine production—especially Covishield and Covaxin—helped stabilise supply and positioned India to support neighbouring countries through vaccine diplomacy. The overall campaign highlighted both the nation’s ability to mobilize on a massive scale and the importance of bridging digital gaps to ensure equitable access in future health emergencies.
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
India’s COVID-19 vaccination programme was one of the largest public-health operations ever attempted, but its execution encountered multiple structural and social hurdles. With a population exceeding a billion, the country had to manage fluctuating vaccine availability, widespread misinformation, and stark differences in healthcare infrastructure between urban and rural regions. During the initial phase, big cities received a larger share of doses, partly because most cold-storage facilities, trained staff, and supply channels were concentrated there. Remote areas, lacking stable power supply and proper storage equipment, struggled to maintain the required temperature for vaccine transport, causing delays and unequal coverage. At the same time, vaccine hesitancy complicated the rollout. Misleading information circulating on social media platforms—especially in regional languages—created doubts about vaccine safety and fuelled rumours of hidden agendas. Many communities were reluctant to participate until trusted local leaders, health volunteers, and civil-society groups engaged directly with them, helping dispel fears through awareness drives. The government introduced CoWIN, a digital system for registration and tracking, intending to streamline the process. However, this technological solution unintentionally excluded millions who did not own smartphones or lacked basic digital literacy, reinforcing pre-existing inequalities. Eventually, India adapted its approach by involving state governments more closely, increasing outreach through mobile vaccination units, and encouraging local influencers to promote awareness. Growth in domestic vaccine production—especially Covishield and Covaxin—helped stabilise supply and positioned India to support neighbouring countries through vaccine diplomacy. The overall campaign highlighted both the nation’s ability to mobilize on a massive scale and the importance of bridging digital gaps to ensure equitable access in future health emergencies.
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