For the present population to decrease by 10 percent, it must be multiplied by the factor 0.9.
Since the engineer estimates that the population will decrease by 10 percent every 20 years,
the present population, 50,000, must be multiplied by (0.9)n ,
where n is the number of 20-year periods that will have elapsed t years from now. After t years, the number of 20-year periods that have elapsed is
.
Therefore
50,000(0.9) represents the engineer’s estimate of the population of the city t years from now.
Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because each of these choices either confuses the percent decrease with the multiplicative factor that represents the percent decrease or mistakenly multiplies t by 20 to find the number of 20-year periods that will have elapsed in t years.