(i) All months are days → UniversalAffirmative (A–type).
(ii) Some hours are calendars →Particular Affirmative (I–type).
(iii) No hour is a day →UniversalNegative (E–type).
(iv) Some hours are not days →Particular Negative (O–type).
(3) Some books are comics.
All comics are novels.
I + A⇒ I–type of Conclusion“Some books are novels.”
Conclusion I is the converseof it.
All comics are novels.
No novel is an article.
A + E ⇒ E–type of Conclusion“No comics is an article.”
Some books are novels.
No novel is an article.
I + E ⇒ O–type of Conclusion“Some books are not articles.”
Venn diagram of “Some booksare not articles”
Venn diagram II supports theConclusion II.