Concept:The series is formed by writing consecutive natural-number pairs as two-digit terms.Explanation:The terms after the missing number are:23,34,45,56,78Each term joins two consecutive integers:2 and 3→233 and 4→344 and 5→455 and 6→567 and 8→78So the term before 23 should join 1 and 2.Thus, the missing term is 12.Answer:12 (Option E)