OPSC OAS Paper 2 GS 2018 Solved Paper

Question Numbers: 76-80
Read the following passage and answer the questions given below
Harnessing the immune system to fight . cancer, long a medical dream, is becoming a reality. Remarkable stories of tumours melting away and terminal illness going into remissions that last years backed by solid data - have led to an explosion of interest and billions of dollars of investments in the rapidly growing field of immunotherapy, Pharmaceutical firms, philanthropists and the U. S. government's "cancer moonshot" program are pouring money into developing treatments. Medical conferences on the topics are packed.
Hundreds of clinical trials involving immunotherapy, alone or combined with other treatments, are underway for nearly every type of cancer.
The immune system - a network of cells, tissues and biochemicals they secrete - defends the body against viruses, bacteria and other invaders. But cancer often finds ways to hide from the a immune system or blocks its ability to fight. Immunotherapy tries to help the immune system to recognize cancer as a threat, and attack it. A widely used type of immunotherapy involves drugs that free immune cells to fight cancer by blocking a mechanism called a checkpoint that cancer uses to shut down the immune system. These drugs, called checkpoint inhibitors, have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat advanced melanoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and cancers of the lung, kidney and bladder. More drugs in this class are in the pipelines, patients are clamouring for checkpoint drugs, including one, Keytruda, known to many as "that Jimmy Carter drug" which , combined with surgery and radiation, has left the former President with no sign of recurrence even though melanoma had spread to his liver and brain.