Concept:In logical reasoning, a conclusion must directly follow from the given statements. Observed sequence does not prove causation, and “some” does not mean “all”.
Explanation:The statement only tells us that lightning is seen before thunder is heard and that both occur during storms.
It does not state that lightning causes thunder.
The order of seeing and hearing is due to the difference in the speed of light and sound, not necessarily due to a cause-effect relationship.
Therefore, conclusion I does not logically follow.
Similarly, the statement says that both occur during some storms, not that every storm always has lightning and thunder.
Conclusion II is an extreme generalisation and does not follow from the given information.
Since neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows, the correct answer is option D.
Answer:D. if neither conclusion I nor II follows