Concept:This question tests knowledge of a landmark international arbitration case involving India’s retrospective tax law.Explanation:Vodafone Group PLC won a long-pending arbitration case against India’s Income Tax Department.The case was heard at The Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague.The dispute arose from a retrospective tax demand related to Vodafone’s acquisition of an Indian telecom business.The tribunal ruled that India’s tax conduct breached the fair and equitable treatment standard under the India–Netherlands Bilateral Investment Treaty.Therefore, among the given options, Vodafone is the correct company.Answer:Option B: Vodafone