(A) Sodium carbonate is manufactured by Solvay process
⇒ (iv) of List-ll.
Solvay process's reactions are as follows
In Solvay's process, first ammonia
(NH3) reacts with
CO2 and
H2O to give ammonium bicarbonate
(NH4HCO3).
This bicarbonate react with
NaCl to give sodium bicarbonate
(NaHCO3) along with ammonium chloride
(NH4Cl).
At last,
NaHCO3 is heated to form sodium carbonate as major product.
NH3+CO2+H2O⟶NH4HCO3 NH4HCO3+⟶NaHCO3↓+NH4Cl ‌2NaHCO3⟶∆2⟶+CO2+H2O (B) Titanium is purified by van-Arkel method
⇒ (iii) of List-II
van-Arkel method Crude titanium
Til
4(g)‌‌+2I2 (C) Chlorine is manufactured by Deacon process
⇒ (i) of List-II.
Deacon process 4HCl(g)+| CuCl2‌ (catalyst) ‌ |
| ───────▶ |
| 723K |
+2H2O(g) (D) Sodium hydroxide is manufactured by Castner-Kellner cell
⇒ (ii) of List-II.
Castner-Kellner cell reaction Electrolyte used is brine, saturated
NaCl solution. Cathode
(Hg) :
Na++e−⟶NaNa∕Hg Anode (carbon) :
Cl−+e−⟶‌Cl2↑ 2Na∕Hg+2H2O⟶+2Hg+H2↑