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Questions 19 to 20 refer to the passage below.
For each question, select one answer choice, unless the instructions state otherwise.
Though Locke’s tabula rasa—the theory that all behavior is learned—was long ago debunked by experimental psychologists, only recently have scientists found neuroscientific evidence supporting the position of instinctive thoughts and behaviors. Fundamental to these
5investigations has been the use of fMRI, which enables scientists to “peer” into the brain of subjects and identify the brain regions activated by certain tasks. In direct contradiction of the Enlightenment myth of a tabula rasa, recent evidence shows that pre-verbal infants’ brains demonstrate much of the same neural activity during social
10 interactions as do the brains of fully mature adults. One of the most illuminating studies in this field measured the activation in infants’ brains when they observed an actor grasp a toy. Scientists found that infants who grasped a toy after observing someone else grasp a toy exhibited substantial activity in the motor regions of their brains,
15whereas infants who observed the same actor but subsequently did not grasp the toy did not reveal such activity. These findings strongly support a hard-wired, instinctive capacity for empathy in infants, one that mirrors the same capacity in adult humans.
Questions 19 to 20 refer to the passage below.
For each question, select one answer choice, unless the instructions state otherwise.
Note: Line Numbers are highlighted with this color
Though Locke’s tabula rasa—the theory that all behavior is learned—was long ago debunked by experimental psychologists, only recently have scientists found neuroscientific evidence supporting the position of instinctive thoughts and behaviors. Fundamental to these
5investigations has been the use of fMRI, which enables scientists to “peer” into the brain of subjects and identify the brain regions activated by certain tasks. In direct contradiction of the Enlightenment myth of a tabula rasa, recent evidence shows that pre-verbal infants’ brains demonstrate much of the same neural activity during social
10 interactions as do the brains of fully mature adults. One of the most illuminating studies in this field measured the activation in infants’ brains when they observed an actor grasp a toy. Scientists found that infants who grasped a toy after observing someone else grasp a toy exhibited substantial activity in the motor regions of their brains,
15whereas infants who observed the same actor but subsequently did not grasp the toy did not reveal such activity. These findings strongly support a hard-wired, instinctive capacity for empathy in infants, one that mirrors the same capacity in adult humans.
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