Concept:Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory has four stages, each with unique abilities. The correct pair must match a stage with its defining characteristic.
Explanation:Sensory-motor stage (0–2 years): infants learn through senses and reflexes. Object permanence develops here, but mental manipulations appear later.
Pre-operational stage (2–7 years): children use language and symbols but lack logical thinking. Object permanence is already established, so option B is wrong.
Concrete operational stage (7–11 years): children can perform logical operations like conservation and reversibility on concrete objects. They cannot yet handle abstract ideas. This matches option C.
Formal operational stage (11+ years): abstract and hypothetical thinking emerges. The ability to mentally reverse actions is present at this stage, not absent as in option D.
Option A is incorrect because mental manipulations begin in the concrete operational stage, not in sensory-motor.
Answer:C. Concrete operational – Capable of operations but not abstraction