Concept:Formative assessment is designed to monitor student learning during instruction, not just at the end.
Explanation:Formative assessment is often called "assessment for learning" because its purpose is to improve learning while it is happening.
Teachers use it to find gaps in understanding and adjust their teaching accordingly.
It is informal and can be done anytime, such as through oral tests, portfolios, or class tests.
This contrasts with summative assessment, which is "assessment of learning" and happens after instruction.
"Assessment as learning" involves students reflecting on their own learning.
Therefore, the correct description for all formative assessment is "assessment for learning".
Answer:D. assessment for learning