Concept:Howard Gardner proposed the theory of multiple intelligences, which challenges the idea of a single, unified intelligence.
Explanation:Gardner argued that people possess several distinct types of intelligence, not just one. He defined intelligence as a biopsychological potential to process information that can be activated in a cultural setting to solve problems or create valued products. His original theory included seven intelligences: linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Later, he added naturalistic intelligence. Each type is independent and can be developed. This directly contradicts the view of intelligence as a singular trait (option A). It also differs from Spearman's two-factor theory (option B) and Guilford's classification by operations, contents, and products (option C). Therefore, the correct match is that Gardner argued several distinct types of intelligence exist.
Answer:D. argued that several distinct types of intelligence exist.