Concept:Summative assessment is a final evaluation of student learning conducted at the end of an instructional period, mainly for grading and certification. Explanation:Summative assessment is commonly called 'assessment of learning'. It measures and reports what students have achieved after completing a unit, term, or course. This assessment helps assign grades, rank learners, and decide promotion to the next level. Typical examples are end-of-term written exams. Unlike formative assessment ('assessment for learning'), which occurs during teaching to guide improvement, summative assessment focuses solely on the final outcome. Its goal is to produce an accurate description of student potential and accomplishment. Answer:Option D: assessment of learning