Concept:Formative assessment is a continuous process used during instruction to monitor student learning and provide feedback for improvement.Explanation:It is also called 'assessment for learning' because it focuses on enhancing learning, not just measuring it. Teachers use it to identify problem areas and adjust their teaching. Common tools include oral tests, portfolios, class tests, and anecdotal records. This type of assessment happens while learning is in progress, making it informal and ongoing. In contrast, summative assessment (assessment of learning) evaluates learning at the end. Therefore, all formative assessment is assessment for learning.Answer:D. assessment for learning