CTET Paper II (Mathematics and Science) 20 Dec 2021 Solved Paper

Concept:Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is the gap between what a child can do alone and what they can achieve with guidance. It is best developed through social interaction and collaboration.Explanation:Vygotsky stressed the role of culture and social interaction in learning. The ZPD is the area where a child cannot perform independently but can succeed with support. This support comes from a more knowledgeable person (MKO) through collaborative dialogue, peer discussion, and guided questioning. Collaborative dialogue helps the child internalize new skills and move from assisted to independent performance. Other options do not align with Vygotsky’s theory: Observational learning is linked to Bandura. Reversible thinking belongs to Piaget’s concrete operational stage. Expository learning is a teacher‑centered method, not interactive. Hence, collaborative dialogues are the key to facilitating development in the ZPD.Answer:Option A: Collaborative dialogues