Concept:Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development says children build their own understanding by interacting with the world.
Explanation:Piaget argued that knowledge is not given to children, nor is it innate.
Children actively construct knowledge as they explore and manipulate their environment.
They adjust their existing ideas when they encounter new information that does not match what they already know.
This process is called “constructivism” – children are active learners, not passive receivers.
Therefore, according to Piaget, children do not simply learn by observation, conditioning, or rewards/punishment (options A, B, C).
Answer:Option D: actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore the world.