Concept:Observations are direct facts from data. Inferences are conclusions drawn from those facts.Explanation:Statements A and B come directly from the table. A says petrol is more expensive (47.74 > 35.21 and 61.33 > 50.51). B says diesel price increase percentage is higher – that is a calculation from the given numbers. Both are observations.Statements C and D go beyond the data. C gives a reason (public transport runs on diesel because it is cheaper). D gives a suggestion (people should buy diesel vehicles). These are inferences based on the observations.Thus, C and D are inferences, while A and B are observations.Answer:A. C and D are inferences