Concept:Writing development progresses through stages, from controlled to independent expression, with the final stage being advanced writing.
Explanation:According to Pincas (1982), learning to write has four phases: familiarization, controlled writing, guided writing, and free writing.
In the controlled writing phase, learners practise using grammar and vocabulary in a structured way.
In guided writing, they imitate given texts with some support.
Free writing involves real tasks like writing letters or essays, using previously learned patterns.
However, the ultimate stage beyond free writing is advanced writing, where the writer can continuously and confidently express thoughts without external guidance.
This advanced stage shows full fluency and independence in writing.
Answer:D. advanced writing