Concept:An elephant herd is a matriarchal society led by the oldest and most experienced female.
Explanation:A typical elephant herd consists mainly of female elephants and their young calves.
The oldest female elephant, known as the matriarch, is the leader of this herd.
Her experience and wisdom guide the group to find food, water, and safety.
Male elephants leave the herd at around 14 to 15 years of age.
After leaving, they live alone or in small bachelor groups.
Thus, the head of the herd is always the oldest female elephant.
This is a key fact about elephant social structure for the exam.
Answer:Option B: oldest female elephant