Concept:Jean Piaget’s theory explains that a child’s ability to solve conservation problems depends on mastering decentralization (focusing on multiple aspects) and reversibility (mentally reversing actions).
Explanation:Children in the concrete operational stage (ages 7–11) can think logically about concrete events.
Conservation means that a quantity remains the same even if its appearance changes.
Preoperational children lack this ability because they exhibit centration (focusing on only one aspect) and cannot reverse actions mentally.
To solve conservation tasks, a child must decenter – that is, consider multiple dimensions (e.g., height and width) at once.
They also need reversibility – the mental ability to undo or reverse a series of steps.
For example, when water from a short wide glass is poured into a tall thin glass, a child with reversibility can imagine pouring it back, understanding the amount is unchanged.
Thus, decentralization and reversibility are the key reasoning abilities required.
Answer:C. Decentralization and reversibility