Concept:B.F. Skinner is the psychologist most closely linked to operant conditioning, where behavior is shaped by rewards and punishments.
Explanation:Skinner developed the Skinner Box to study how rats learn through consequences. In operant conditioning, actions that lead to positive outcomes (rewards) are repeated, while those that lead to negative outcomes (punishments) are avoided.
For example, a child praised for completing homework learns to do it again. If scolded for breaking a plate, the child learns not to repeat that action.
Reinforcement is key: positive reinforcement adds a reward to increase behavior, while negative reinforcement removes an unpleasant stimulus to increase behavior.
This theory differs from Gestalt theory and classical conditioning (Pavlov).
Answer:C. Operant conditioning