AP ICET 25 July 2022 Shift 1 Paper

Read the passage below and choose the correct answer for the questions from 126 to 130 The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) is the space agency of the Government of India headquartered in the city of Bangalore. Its vision is to "hamess space technology for national development while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration". Formed in $1969$, ISRO superseded the erstwhile Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) established in $1962$ by the efforts of independent India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, and his close aide and scientist Vikram Sarabhai. The establishment of ISRO thus institutionalized space activities in India. It is managed by the Department of Space, which reports to the Prime Minister of India. ISR0 built India's first satellite, Aryabhatta, which was launched by the Soviet Union on $19^{\text{th}}$ April, 1975. It was named after Mathematician Aryabhatta. In $1980$, Rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by an Indian-made launch vehicle, SLV-3. ISRO subsequently developed two other rockets: the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) for launching satellites into polar orbits and the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) for placing satellites into geostationary orbits. These rockets have launched numerous communication satellites and earth observation satellites. Satellite navigation systems like GAGAN and IRNSS have been deployed. In January $2014$, ISRO successfully used an indigenous cryogenic engine in a GSLVD5 launch of the GSAT-14. ISR0 sent a lunar orbiter, Chandrayaan-1, on $22^{\text{nd}}$ October, 2008 and Mars orbiter, Mars Orbiter Mission, on $5^{\text{th}}$ November, $2013$ , which successfully entered Mars orbit on $24^{\text{th}}$ September, $2014$, while making India the first nation to succeed on its first attempt to Mars, and ISRO the fourth space agency in the world as well as the first space agency in Asia to successfully reach Mars orbit. On $18^{\text{th}}$ June, $2016$, ISRO successfully set a record with a launch of $20$ satellites in a single payload, one being a satellite from Google. On $15^{\text{th}}$ February, $2017$, ISR0 launched $104$ satellites in a single rocket (PSLV-C37) and created a world record. ISRO launched its heaviest rocket, Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle-Mark III (GSLV-Mk III), on $5^{\text{th}}$ June, $2017$ and placed a communications satellite GSAT-19 in orbit. With this launch, ISRO became capable of launching 4 ton heavy satellites.