Concept:The question asks for the one-word term for the study of organisms and their surroundings.Explanation:Ecology is the branch of biology that studies the relationship between animals, plants, and their environment.This environment includes both living (animate) and non-living (inanimate) components.Ethnology studies human cultures, Demography studies populations, and Epigraphy studies inscriptions.Therefore, the correct term is Ecology.Answer:Ecology