AFCAT II 23 Aug 2025 Shift 1 Paper

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Question Numbers: 96-99
Directions: Read the following passage and answer the questions accordingly.
India and Russia deepened their strategic partnership on Friday by signing nine pacts, including a multi-billion dollar deal for New Delhi to buy the S-400 Triumf air defense missile system despite warnings from the United States that the move could attract sanctions on India under American domestic law. A joint statement issued after talks between visiting Russian President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Narendra Modi confirmed the $ 5.4 billion deal, though neither leader referred to it in their remarks to reporters. Another expected defense pact on India acquiring four frigates from Russia was not signed as the two sides were yet to agree on some issues.
Putin arrived in New Delhi on Thursday to a red carpet welcome, on a day when the US, Britain, and the Netherlands accused Russia of involvement in a series of cyber plots across the globe, adding to tensions between Moscow and Western nations on a host of issues. India’s move to acquire the S-400, which has the ability to track multiple incoming targets, including aircraft, missiles, and unmanned aerial vehicles, up to 400km in distance and 30km in altitude, can attract sanctions under the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (Caatsa) passed by the US Congress on arms purchases from Russia.
The US embassy in New Delhi said on Friday that Caatsa was not aimed at stymieing the military capabilities of its “allies or partners", a statement is seen in New Delhi as indicative of a possible waiver coming through from Washington. Waivers of the Countering America’s Adversaries Through Sanctions Act (Caatsa) section 231 will be considered on a transaction-by-transaction basis. We cannot prejudge any sanctions decisions, the US embassy spokesperson in New Delhi said. “The intent of our implementation of Caatsa is to impose costs on Russia for its malign behavior, including by stopping the flow of money to Russia’s defense sector," the embassy said. On the waiver itself, it said: “The waiver authority is not for a blanket waiver. It is transaction-specific. There are strict criteria for considering a waiver."
To put economic ties on a stronger footing, Russia has evinced interest in collaboration in the railways and civilian aircraft manufacturing sectors, a person familiar with the development said. India on its part is keen for its pharmaceutical companies to find a foothold in Russian markets, the person said. Both sides have set the target for increasing bilateral trade to 30billionby2025from10.7 billion in 2017-18. India “invited Russian companies to participate in the development of industrial corridors in India, including in areas of road and rail infrastructure, smart cities, construction of wagons and creation of a joint transportation logistics company," according to the statement.
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Question : 96
Total: 100
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