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NCERT Class XII Mathematics Chapter - - Solutions

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Exercise - 7.8
Evaluate the following definite integrals as limit of sums.
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Question : 175 of 271
Marks: +1, -0
∫−11exdx\int\limits_{-1}^{1} e^x dx
Solution:  
Let f(x)=exf(x) = e^x then ∫−11f(x)dx=∫−11exdx\int\limits_{-1}^{1}f(x)dx=\int\limits_{-1}^{1}e^xdx
a = -1, b = 1, nh = b - a = 1 + 1 = 2
Now, f(a)=f(−1)=e−1f(a)=f(-1)=e^{-1}
f (a + h) = f (-1 + h) = e−1+he^{-1+h}
f (a + 2h) = f (-1 + 2h) = e−1+2he^{-1+2h}
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .
f(a+(n−1)h)f(a+(n-1)h) =f(−1+(n−1)h)=f(-1+(n-1)h) =e−1+(n−1)h=e^{-1+(n-1)h}
By definition
∫abf(x)dx=lim⁡h→0h[f(a)+f(a+h)+f(a+2h)+⋯+f(a+(n−1)h)]\int\limits_{a}^{b}f(x)dx=\lim\limits_{h\to 0}h[f(a)+f(a+h)+f(a+2h)+\dots+f(a+(n-1)h)]
∴∫−11exdx=lim⁡h→0h[e−1+e−1+h+e−1+2h+⋯+e−1+(n−1)h]\therefore \int\limits_{-1}^{1}e^xdx=\lim\limits_{h\to 0}h[e^{-1}+e^{-1+h}+e^{-1+2h}+\dots+e^{-1+(n-1)h}]
=lim⁡h→0h[e−1(1+eh+e2h+⋯+e(n−1)h)]=\lim\limits_{h\to 0}h[e^{-1}(1+e^h+e^{2h}+\dots+e^{(n-1)h})]
=lim⁡h→0h⋅1e⋅1⋅(enh−1)eh−1=\lim\limits_{h\to 0}h\cdot\frac{1}{e}\cdot\frac{1\cdot(e^{nh}-1)}{e^h-1}
=1e⋅e2−1log⁡e=e−1e=\frac{1}{e}\cdot\frac{e^2-1}{\log e}=e-\frac{1}{e}
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