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NCERT Class XII Mathematics Chapter - - Solutions

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Exercise - 7.5
Integrate the rational functions in Exercises 111 to 131.
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Question : 116 of 271
Marks: +1, -0
1−x2x(1−2x)\frac{1-x^2}{x(1-2x)}
Solution:  
Since 1−x2x(1−2x)=1−x2x−2x2\frac{1-x^2}{x(1-2x)}=\frac{1-x^2}{x-2x^2} is an improper fraction, therefore we convert it into a proper fraction by long division method, we get
x2−12x2−x=12+x2−12x2−x\frac{x^2-1}{2x^2-x}=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{\frac{x}{2}-1}{2x^2-x}
∴∫−1−x2−x+2x2 dx\therefore \int \frac{-1-x^2}{-x+2x^2} \, dx =12∫dx+12∫x−22x2−x dx=\frac{1}{2} \int dx + \frac{1}{2} \int \frac{x-2}{2x^2-x} \, dx
Now, x−22x2−x=x−2x(2x−1)\frac{x-2}{2x^2-x} = \frac{x-2}{x(2x-1)} =Ax+B2x−1= \frac{A}{x} + \frac{B}{2x-1}
⇒ x – 2 = A(2x – 1) + Bx ...(i)
Putting x = 0 in (i), we get –2 = A(–1) ⇒ A = 2
Putting x=12x = \frac{1}{2} in (i), we get 12−2=B(12)\frac{1}{2} - 2 = B\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) ⇒1−4=B\Rightarrow 1-4 = B ⇒B=−3\Rightarrow B = -3
∴x−22x2−x\therefore \frac{x-2}{2x^2-x} =2x−32x−1= \frac{2}{x} - \frac{3}{2x-1} =2x+31−2x= \frac{2}{x} + \frac{3}{1-2x}
∴∫1−x2x(1−2x) dx\therefore \int \frac{1-x^2}{x(1-2x)} \, dx =12∫dx+12∫(2x+31−2x)dx= \frac{1}{2} \int dx + \frac{1}{2} \int \left( \frac{2}{x} + \frac{3}{1-2x} \right) dx
=12x+log⁡∣x∣−34log⁡∣1−2x∣+C= \frac{1}{2} x + \log \lvert x \rvert - \frac{3}{4} \log \lvert 1-2x \rvert + C
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