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NCERT Class XII Mathematics Chapter - - Solutions

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Exercise - 7.4
Integrate the functions in Exercises 86 to 108.
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Question : 103 of 271
Marks: +1, -0
5x−21+2x+3x2\frac{5x-2}{1+2x+3x^2}
Solution:  
Let I=∫5x−21+2x+3x2dxI=\int \frac{5x-2}{1+2x+3x^2}dx
Put 5x−2=A(ddx(3x2+2x+1))+B5x-2 = A\left(\frac{d}{dx}(3x^2+2x+1)\right)+B
5x−2=A(6x+2)+B5x - 2 = A(6x+2) + B ... (i)
Comparing coefficients of x in (i), we get 5=6A⇒A=565 = 6A \Rightarrow A = \frac{5}{6}
Comparing the constant terms in (i), we get −2=2A+B-2 = 2A + B
⇒−2=2×56+B\Rightarrow -2 = 2 \times \frac{5}{6} + B ⇒−2=53+B\Rightarrow -2 = \frac{5}{3} + B ⇒B−113\Rightarrow B - \frac{11}{3}
∴I=∫56(6x+2)−1133x2+2x+1dx\therefore I = \int \frac{\frac{5}{6}(6x+2) - \frac{11}{3}}{3x^2+2x+1} dx
=56∫6x+23x2+2x+1dx−113∫dx3x2+2x+1= \frac{5}{6} \int \frac{6x+2}{3x^2+2x+1} dx - \frac{11}{3} \int \frac{dx}{3x^2+2x+1}
Let I=56I1−113I2I = \frac{5}{6} I_1 - \frac{11}{3} I_2 ... (ii)
where, I1=∫6x+23x2+2x+1dxI_1 = \int \frac{6x+2}{3x^2+2x+1} dx
Put 3x2+2x+1=t3x^2 + 2x + 1 = t ⇒(6x+2)dx=dt\Rightarrow (6x+2)dx = dt
∴I1=∫dtt=log⁡∣t∣+C1\therefore I_1 = \int \frac{dt}{t} = \log\lvert t\rvert + C_1 =log⁡∣3x2+2x+1∣+C1= \log\lvert 3x^2 + 2x + 1\rvert + C_1 ... (iii)
and I2=∫dx3x2+2x+1I_2 = \int \frac{dx}{3x^2+2x+1} =13∫dxx2+23x+13= \frac{1}{3} \int \frac{dx}{x^2 + \frac{2}{3}x + \frac{1}{3}}
=13∫dxx2+23x+19−19+13= \frac{1}{3} \int \frac{dx}{x^2 + \frac{2}{3}x + \frac{1}{9} - \frac{1}{9} + \frac{1}{3}}
=13∫dx(x+13)2+29= \frac{1}{3} \int \frac{dx}{\left(x+\frac{1}{3}\right)^2 + \frac{2}{9}}
=13∫dx(x+13)2+(29)2= \frac{1}{3} \int \frac{dx}{\left(x+\frac{1}{3}\right)^2 + \left(\frac{\sqrt{2}}{9}\right)^2}
=13×123tan⁡−1(x+1323)= \frac{1}{3} \times \frac{1}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{x+\frac{1}{3}}{\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}}\right)
=12tan⁡−1(3x+12)+C2= \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{3x+1}{\sqrt{2}}\right) + C_2... (iv)
From (ii), (iii) and (iv), we get
I=56log⁡∣3x2+2x+1∣−1132tan⁡−1(3x+12)+CI = \frac{5}{6} \log\lvert 3x^2 + 2x + 1\rvert - \frac{11}{3\sqrt{2}} \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{3x+1}{\sqrt{2}}\right) + C
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