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NCERT Class XI Mathematics - Straight Lines - Solutions

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Question : 43 of 74
Marks: +1, -0
Find angles between the lines 3x+y\sqrt{3}x+y = 1 and x + 3y\sqrt{3}y = 1.
Solution:  
The given equations are 3x+y\sqrt{3}x+y = 1 ... (i)
x + 3y\sqrt{3}y = 1... (ii)
Since we have to find an angle between the two lines i.e., firstly we have to find the slopes of (i) and (ii).
Slope of (i) = m1m_1 = - 3\sqrt{3} ... (iii)
Slope of (ii) = m2m_2 = −13-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} ... (iv)
Let θ be an angle between the given two lines, then
tan θ = ∣m1−m21+m1m2∣\left|\frac{m_1-m_2}{1+m_1m_2}\right| = ∣−3−(−13)1+(−3)⋅(−13)∣\left|\frac{-\sqrt{3}-\left(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)}{1+\left(-\sqrt{3}\right)\cdot\left(-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)}\right| (from (iii) & (iv))
= ∣−3+131+1∣\left|\frac{-\sqrt{3}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}}{1+1}\right| = ∣−3+123∣\left|\frac{-3+1}{2\sqrt{3}}\right| = ∣−13∣\left|\frac{-1}{\sqrt{3}}\right| = 13\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}
⇒ tan θ = 13\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}} ⇒ tan θ = tan 30° ⇒ θ = 30°
∴ The angle between the two given lines is 30° and the other angle is 180° – 30° = 150°.
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