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Question : 30
Total: 37
(a) How did the Business class relate itself to the Civil Disobedience Movement? Explain with examples.
OR
(b) 'Workers of Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj.' Explain with examples.
OR
(b) 'Workers of Assam had their own understanding of Mahatma Gandhi and the notion of Swaraj.' Explain with examples.
Solution:
(a) The business class actively participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(i) Indian merchants and businessmen wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
(ii) To organise their business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
(iii) Under the leadership of Purushottam Thakurdas and G.D. Birla, they attacked colonial control over the Indian economy, and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(iv) They also gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
(v) Most of them came to see swaraj as a time when colonial restrictions on business no longer exist and trade and industry would flourish without constraints.
OR
(b) Workers interpreted Mahatma Gandhi's call for Swaraj in diverse ways.
(i) For plantation workers in Assam, the concept of Swaraj meant maintaining their connection to their home villages and having the freedom to enter and exit the confined area where they were employed.
(ii) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, and in fact they were rarely given such permission.
(iii) When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home.
(iv) They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages.
(v) They, however, never reached their destination. Stranded on the way by a railway and steamer strike, they were caught by the police and brutally beaten up
(i) Indian merchants and businessmen wanted protection against imports of foreign goods and a rupee-sterling foreign exchange ratio that would discourage imports.
(ii) To organise their business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress in 1920 and the Federation of the Indian Chamber of commerce and Industries (FICCI) in 1927.
(iii) Under the leadership of Purushottam Thakurdas and G.D. Birla, they attacked colonial control over the Indian economy, and supported the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(iv) They also gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
(v) Most of them came to see swaraj as a time when colonial restrictions on business no longer exist and trade and industry would flourish without constraints.
OR
(b) Workers interpreted Mahatma Gandhi's call for Swaraj in diverse ways.
(i) For plantation workers in Assam, the concept of Swaraj meant maintaining their connection to their home villages and having the freedom to enter and exit the confined area where they were employed.
(ii) Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, and in fact they were rarely given such permission.
(iii) When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied the authorities, left the plantations and headed home.
(iv) They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages.
(v) They, however, never reached their destination. Stranded on the way by a railway and steamer strike, they were caught by the police and brutally beaten up
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