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NCERT Class XII Chemistry
Chapter - The d- and f-Block Elements
Questions with Solutions

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Question : 32
Total: 49
Name the members of the lanthanoid series which exhibit +4 oxidation state and those which exhibit +2 oxidation state. Try to correlate this type of behaviour with the electronic configurations of these elements.
Solution:  
All lanthanoids show Ln‌3+ oxidation state. But some of them show+2 and +4 states also in solution and solid form like Ce‌4+, Eu‌2+, Yb‌2+, Tb‌4+,etc. The variable oxidation state is related to electronic configuration dueto extra stability of half filled, fully filled or empty orbitals. e.g., Ce‌4+ has4f ‌0, Eu‌2+ has 4f ‌7Tb‌4+ has 4f ‌7and Yb‌2+ has 4f‌14 configuration.
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