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NCERT Class XII Chemistry
Chapter - The d- and f-Block Elements
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Question : 15 of 49
Marks: +1, -0
Describe the oxidising action of potassium dichromate and write the ionic equations for its reaction with
(i) iodide
(ii) iron(II) solution and
(iii) H2S\mathrm{H_2S}.
Solution:  
K2Cr2O7\mathrm{K_2Cr_2O_7} is a powerful oxidising agent. In dilute sulphuric acidmedium the oxidation state of Cr changes from +6 to +3. The oxidisingaction can be represented as follows:
Cr2O72−+14H++6e−→2Cr3++7H2O\mathrm{Cr_2O_7^{2-}} + 14\mathrm{H}^{+} + 6e^{-} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{Cr}^{3+} + 7\mathrm{H_2O}
(i) Iodide : Iodide ion (I−)(\mathrm{I}^{-}) is oxidised to I2\mathrm{I_2} by the acidfied solution ofK2Cr2O7\mathrm{K_2Cr_2O_7}.
Reaction :
Cr2O72−+14H++6e−→2Cr3++7H2O\mathrm{Cr_2O_7^{2-}} + 14\mathrm{H}^{+} + 6e^{-} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{Cr_3^{+}} + 7\mathrm{H_2O}
                                                          6I−→3I2+6e−\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;6\mathrm{I}^{-} \rightarrow 3\mathrm{I_2} + 6e^{-}
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––\text{––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––}
Cr2O72−+14H++6I−→3I2+2Cr3++7H2O\mathrm{Cr_2O_7^{2-}} + 14\mathrm{H}^{+} + 6\mathrm{I}^{-} \rightarrow 3\mathrm{I_2} + 2\mathrm{Cr}^{3+} + 7\mathrm{H_2O}
–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––\text{–––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––}
(ii) Iron(II) solution : Ferrous salts (Fe2+)(\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}) are oxidised to ferric (Fe3+)(\mathrm{Fe}^{3+})saltswhen they are treated with acidified K2Cr2O7\mathrm{K_2Cr_2O_7}.
Reaction :
Cr2O72−+14H++6e−→2Cr3++7H2O\mathrm{Cr_2O_7^{2-}} + 14\mathrm{H}^{+} + 6e^{-} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{Cr}^{3+} + 7\mathrm{H_2O}
                                            6Fe2+→6Fe3++6e−\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\; 6\mathrm{Fe}^{2+} \rightarrow 6\mathrm{Fe}^{3+} + 6e^{-}
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––\text{––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––}
Cr2O72−+6Fe2++14H+→2Cr3++6Fe3++7H2O\mathrm{Cr_2O_7^{2-}} + 6\mathrm{Fe}^{2+} + 14\mathrm{H}^{+} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{Cr}^{3+} + 6\mathrm{Fe}^{3+} + 7\mathrm{H_2O}
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––\text{––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––– ––––––––}
 (iii) H2S\text{ (iii) } \mathrm{H_2S} : H2S\mathrm{H_2S} is oxidised to sulphur.
Cr2O72−+3H2S+8H+→2Cr3++7H2O+3S\mathrm{Cr_2O_7^{2-}} + 3\mathrm{H_2S} + 8\mathrm{H}^{+} \rightarrow 2\mathrm{Cr}^{3+} + 7\mathrm{H_2O} + 3\mathrm{S}
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