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NCERT Class XII Chapter
Moving Charges and Magnetism
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Question : 19 of 28
Marks: +1, -0
An electron emitted by a heated cathode and accelerated through a potential difference of 2.0 kV, enters a region with uniform magnetic field of0.15 T. Determine the trajectory of the electron if the field
(a) is transverse to its initial velocity,
(b) makes an angle of 30° with the initial velocity
Solution:  
A electron which is accelerated by a potential difference of 2.0 kV will have a kinetic energy gained 2000 eV.
E = 1/2mev2m_{ev}^2 = 2000 × 1.6 × 101910^{-19}
v = 4×1.6×10169×1031\sqrt{\frac{4 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-16}}{9 \times 10^{-31}}} = 2.66 × 10710^7 m s1s^{-1}
(a) When the electron enters in the uniform magnetic field which is normal to the velocity of electron the electron follows a circular path of radius.
r = mvBq\frac{mv}{Bq} = 9.1×1031×2.66×1070.15×1.6×1019\frac{9.1 \times 10^{-31} \times 2.66 \times 10^7}{0.15 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}} = 99.75 × 10510^{-5} = 1 mm
(b) When the magnetic field makes an angle 30° with the initial velocity, the trajectory of the electron becomes helical. radius of the helical path is
r = mvsinθBq\frac{mv \sin \theta}{Bq}
r = 99.75 × 105×1210^{-5} \times \frac{1}{2}
r = 49. 875 × 10510^{-5} m ≈ 0.5 mm
v = v cosθ = 2.66 × 10710^7 cos 30 = 2.3 × 107ms110^7 \, \mathrm{m} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1}
Pitch of the helical path is
Pitch = T × v cos θ = 2πmBq\frac{2 \pi m}{Bq} × v cos θ = 2π×9×1031×2.66×1070.15×1.6×1019\frac{2 \pi \times 9 \times 10^{-31} \times 2.66 \times 10^7}{0.15 \times 1.6 \times 10^{-19}} × 32\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}
= 542.5 × 10510^{-5} m
so, pitch = 5.42 mm.
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