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NCERT Class XII Chapter
Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance
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Question : 1 of 37
Marks: +1, -0
Two charges 5 × 10810^{-8} C and –3 × 10810^{-8} C are located 16 cm apart. At what point(s) on the line joining the two charges is the electric potential zero?
Take the potential at infinity to be zero.
Solution:  
(i) Let C be the point on the line joining the two charges, where electric potential is zero, then
VCV_C = 0
or VCA+VCBV_{CA} + V_{CB} = 0 or VCAV_{CA} = - VCBV_{CB}
or 14πε0qArCA\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{q_A}{r_{CA}} = - 14πε0qBrCB\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{q_B}{r_{CB}} or 5×108Cx×102m\frac{5\times10^{-8}\mathrm{C}}{x\times10^{-2}\mathrm{m}} = - (3×108C)[(6x)×102m]\frac{(-3\times10^{-8}\mathrm{C})}{[(6-x)\times10^{-2}\mathrm{m}]}
or 5x\frac{5}{x} = 316x\frac{3}{16-x} or 80 – 5x = 3x or 80 = 8x
or x = 808\frac{80}{8} or x = 10 cm
So, electric potential is zero at distance of 10 cm from charge of 5 × 10810^{8} C on line joining the two charges between them.
If point C is not between the two charges, then
VCA+VCBV_{CA}+V_{CB} = 0 or VCAV_{CA} = - VCBV_{CB}
or 14πε0qQrCA\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{q_Q}{r_{CA}} = - 14πε0qBrCB\frac{1}{4\pi\varepsilon_0} \frac{q_B}{r_{CB}}
or 5×108C[(16+x)×102m]\frac{5\times10^{-8}\mathrm{C}}{[(16+x)\times10^{-2}\mathrm{m}]} = - (3×108C)[x×102m]\frac{(-3\times10^{-8}\mathrm{C})}{[x\times10^{-2}\mathrm{m}]}
516+x\frac{5}{16+x} = 3x\frac{3}{x}
or 5x = 48 + 3x or 2x = 48 or x = 24 cm
So, electric potential is also equal to zero at a distance of 24 cm from charge of 3×108-3\times10^{-8} C and at a distance of (24 + 16) = 40 cm from charge of 5 × 10810^{-8} C, on the side of charge of – 3 × 10810^{-8} C
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