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NCERT Class XII Chapter
Alternating Current
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Question : 17 of 26
Marks: +1, -0
Keeping the source frequency equal to the resonating frequency of the series LCR circuit, if the three elements, L, C and R are arranged in parallel, show that the total current in the parallel LCR circuit is minimum at this frequency. Obtain the current rms value in each branch of the circuit for the elements of frequency. Source has emf 230 V and L = 5.0 H, C = 80 μF, R = 40 Ω.
Solution:  
Resonating angular frequency
ω = 1LC\frac{1}{\sqrt{LC}} = 15×80×10−6\frac{1}{\sqrt{5 \times 80 \times 10^{-6}}} = 50 rad s−1s^{-1}
∴ Resonance of L and C in parallel can be calculated
1X\frac{1}{X} = 1XL−1XC\frac{1}{X_L} - \frac{1}{X_C} = 1ωL−ωC\frac{1}{\omega L} - \omega C
Impedence of R and X in parallel is given by
1Z\frac{1}{Z} = 1R2+1X2\sqrt{\frac{1}{R^2} + \frac{1}{X^2}}
At resonating frequency of series LCR, XLX_L = XCX_C
So, 1X\frac{1}{X} = 1XL−1XC\frac{1}{X_L} - \frac{1}{X_C} = 0
Thus, impedances Z = R and will be maximum. Hence, in parallel resonant circuit, current is minimum at resonant frequency.
Current through circuit elements
IRI_R = EVR\frac{E_V}{R} = 2304\frac{230}{4} = 5.75 A
ICI_C = EvXL\frac{E_v}{X_L} = 230ωL\frac{230}{\omega L} = 23050×5\frac{230}{50 \times 5} = 0.92 A
ICI_C = EvXL\frac{E_v}{X_L} = 2301ωC\frac{230}{\frac{1}{\omega C}} = 230 × 50 × 80 × 10−610^{-6} = 0.92 A
Since, IL and IC are opposite in phase, so net current,
IvI_v = IR+IL+ICI_R + I_L + I_C
IvI_v = 5.75 + 0.92 2\sqrt{2} sin(ωt – π/2) + 0.92 2\sqrt{2} sin(ωt + π/2)
IvI_v = 5.75 – 0.92 2\sqrt{2} cos ωt + 0.92 2\sqrt{2} cosωt
IvI_v = 5.75 A
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