Capacitive reactance, $X_C$ = $\frac{1}{2\pi f C}$ $X_C$ = $\frac{1}{2 \times \pi \times 60 \times 100 \times 10^{-6}}$ = 26.54 Ω Impedence, Z = $\sqrt{R^2 + X_C^2}$ = $\sqrt{(40)^2 + (26.54)^2}$ = 48 Ω (a) Virtual current in the circuit, $I_v$ = $\frac{E_v}{Z}$ = $\frac{110}{48}$ = 2.29 A Maximum current $I_0$ = $I_v \sqrt{2}$ = 3.24 A (b) tan ϕ = $\frac{V_C}{V_R}$ = $\frac{1}{\omega C R}$ Phase lag ϕ = $\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{1}{\omega C R}\right)$ = $\tan^{-1}\left(\frac{26.54}{40}\right)$ ϕ = 33.56° = 0.186π radian Time lag t = ϕ/w = $\frac{0.18\pi}{2\pi(60)}$ = 1.5 ms