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Oscillations

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Question : 7 of 25
Marks: +1, -0
The motion of a particle executing simple harmonic motion is described by the displacement function.
x(t)=Acos(ωt+ϕ)x(t) = A \cos(\omega t + \phi)
If the initial (t = 0) position of the particle is 1 cm and its initial velocity is ωcms1\omega\,\text{cm}\,\text{s}^{-1}, what are its amplitude andinitial phase angle? The angular frequency of the particle is πs1\pi\,\text{s}^{-1}. If instead of the cosine function, we choose the sine function to describe the simple harmonic motion : x=Bsin(ωt+α)x = B \sin(\omega t + \alpha), what are the amplitude and initial phase of the particle withthe above initial conditions.
Solution:  
Here, at t=0,x=1t = 0, x = 1 cm and v=ωcms1;ω=πs1v = \omega\,\text{cm}\,\text{s}^{-1}; \omega = \pi\,\text{s}^{-1}
Given : x=Acos(ωt+ϕ)x = A \cos(\omega t + \phi) ... (i)
Since at t=0,x=1t = 0, x = 1, we get
1=Acos(π×0+ϕ)=Acosϕ1 = A \cos(\pi \times 0 + \phi) = A \cos \phi
The instantaneous particle velocity is given by
v=dxdt=ddt[Acos(ωt+ϕ)]v = \frac{dx}{dt} = \frac{d}{dt}[A \cos(\omega t + \phi)] or v=Aωsin(ωt+ϕ)v = -A \omega \sin(\omega t + \phi)
Since at t=0,v=ωcms1t = 0, v = \omega\,\text{cm}\,\text{s}^{-1}, we get
ω=Aωsin(π×0+ϕ)\omega = -A \omega \sin(\pi \times 0 + \phi)
or Asinϕ=1A \sin \phi = -1 ...(ii)
Squaring and adding the equations (i) and (ii), we get
A2cos2ϕ+A2sin2ϕ=12+(1)2A^{2} \cos^{2} \phi + A^{2} \sin^{2} \phi = 1^{2} + (-1)^{2}
A2(cos2ϕ+sin2ϕ)=2A^{2} (\cos^{2} \phi + \sin^{2} \phi) = 2 or A2(1)=2A^{2}(1) = 2
or A=2cmA = \sqrt{2}\,\text{cm}
Dividing the equation (ii) by (i), we get
AsinϕAcosϕ=11\frac{A \sin \phi}{A \cos \phi} = \frac{-1}{1} or tan ϕ =1= -1 or ϕ=7π4\phi = \frac{7\pi}{4}
When sine function is used to describe the simple harmonic motion.Here, x=Bsin(ωt+α)x = B \sin(\omega t + \alpha)
Since at t=0,x=1t = 0, x = 1; we get
1=Bsin(π×0+α)1 = B \sin(\pi \times 0 + \alpha)or Bsinα=1B \sin \alpha = 1 ...(iii)
The instantaneous particle velocity is given by
v=dxdt=ddt[Bsin(ωt+α)]v = \frac{dx}{dt} = \frac{d}{dt}[B \sin(\omega t + \alpha)]
v=Bωcos(ωt+α)v = B \omega \cos(\omega t + \alpha)
Since at t=0,v=ωcms1t = 0, v = \omega\,\text{cm}\,\text{s}^{-1}, we get
ω=Bωcos(π×0+α)\omega = B \omega \cos(\pi \times 0 + \alpha)
or Bcosα=1B \cos \alpha = 1 ...(iv)
Squaring and adding the equations (iii) and (iv), we get
B2sin2α+B2cos2α=12+12B^{2} \sin^{2} \alpha + B^{2} \cos^{2} \alpha = 1^{2} + 1^{2}
or B2(sin2α+cos2α)=2B^{2} (\sin^{2} \alpha + \cos^{2} \alpha) = 2
or B2(1)=2B^{2}(1) = 2
or B=2cmB = \sqrt{2}\,\text{cm}
Dividing the equation (iii) by (iv), we get
BsinαBcosα=11\frac{B \sin \alpha}{B \cos \alpha} = \frac{1}{1} or tanα=1\tan \alpha = 1 or α=π4\alpha = \frac{\pi}{4}
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