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NCERT Class XI Mathematics - Principle of Mathematical Induction - Solutions

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Question : 3 of 24
Marks: +1, -0
1 + 11+2+11+2+3\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2+3} + ... + rac11+2+3+⋯+nrac{1}{1+2+3+\dots+n} = rac2nn+1rac{2n}{n+1}
Solution:  
Let the given statement be P(n), i.e.,
P (n) : 1 + 11+2+11+2+3\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2+3} + ... + rac11+2+3+⋯+nrac{1}{1+2+3+\dots+n} = rac2nn+1rac{2n}{n+1}
First we prove that the statement is true for n = 1.
P (1) = rac2imes11+1rac{2 imes1}{1+1} = rac22rac{2}{2} = 1 , which is true
Assume that P(k) is true for some positive integer k, i.e.,
1 + 11+2+11+2+3\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2+3} + ... + rac11+2+3+⋯+krac{1}{1+2+3+\dots+k} = rac2kk+1rac{2k}{k+1} ... (i)
We shall now prove that P(k + 1) is also true. For this we have to prove that
1 + 11+2+11+2+3\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2+3} + ... + rac11+2+⋯+(k+1)rac{1}{1+2+\dots+(k+1)} = rac2(k+1)(k+1)+1rac{2(k+1)}{(k+1)+1}
L.H.S. = 1 + 11+2+11+2+3\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2+3} + ... + rac11+2+⋯+(k+1)rac{1}{1+2+\dots+(k+1)}
= 1 + 11+2+11+2+3\frac{1}{1+2}+\frac{1}{1+2+3} + ... + rac11+2+⋯+krac{1}{1+2+\dots+k} + rac11+2+⋯+(k+1)rac{1}{1+2+\dots+(k+1)}
= rac2kk+1rac{2k}{k+1} + 1(k+1)(k+2)2\frac{1}{\frac{(k+1)(k+2)}{2}} [From (i)]
= 2kk+1+2(k+1)(k+2)\frac{2k}{k+1} + \frac{2}{(k+1)(k+2)} = rac2k(k+2)+2(k+1)(k+2)rac{2k(k+2)+2}{(k+1)(k+2)}
= rac2(k2+2k+1)(k+1)(k+2)rac{2(k^2+2k+1)}{(k+1)(k+2)} = rac2(k+1)k+2rac{2(k+1)}{k+2} = R.H.S.
Thus, P(k + 1) is true, whenever P(k) is true.
Hence, by the principle of mathematical induction, the statement P(n) is true ∀ n ∈ N.
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