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NCERT Class XI Mathematics - Principle of Mathematical Induction - Solutions

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Question : 10 of 24
Marks: +1, -0
12.5+15.8+18.11\frac{1}{2.5}+\frac{1}{5.8}+\frac{1}{8.11} + ... + 1(3n−1)(3n+2)\frac{1}{(3n-1)(3n+2)} = n6n+4\frac{n}{6n+4}
Solution:  
Let the given statement be P(n), i.e.,
P (n) : 12.5+15.8+18.11\frac{1}{2.5}+\frac{1}{5.8}+\frac{1}{8.11} + ... + 1(3n−1)(3n+2)\frac{1}{(3n-1)(3n+2)} = n6n+4\frac{n}{6n+4}
First we prove that statement is true for n = 1.
P (1) : 12.5\frac{1}{2.5} = 16.1+4\frac{1}{6.1+4} ⇒ 110\frac{1}{10} = 110\frac{1}{10} , which is true
Assume P(k) is true for some positive integer k, i.e.,
12.5+15.8+18.11\frac{1}{2.5}+\frac{1}{5.8}+\frac{1}{8.11} + ... + 1(3k−1)(3k+2)\frac{1}{(3k-1)(3k+2)} = k6k+4\frac{k}{6k+4} (i)
We shall now prove that P(k + 1) is also true.
For this we have to prove that
12.5+15.8+18.11\frac{1}{2.5}+\frac{1}{5.8}+\frac{1}{8.11} + ... + 1(3k−1)(3k+2)\frac{1}{(3k-1)(3k+2)} + 1(3k+2)(3k+5)\frac{1}{(3k+2)(3k+5)} = k+16(k+1)+4\frac{k+1}{6(k+1)+4}
L.H.S. = 12.5+15.8+18.11\frac{1}{2.5}+\frac{1}{5.8}+\frac{1}{8.11} + ... + 1(3k−1)(3k+2)\frac{1}{(3k-1)(3k+2)} + 1(3k+2)(3k+5)\frac{1}{(3k+2)(3k+5)}
= k6k+4+1(3k+2)(3k+5)\frac{k}{6k+4} + \frac{1}{(3k+2)(3k+5)} [From (i)]
= 13k+2[k2+13k+5]\frac{1}{3k+2}\left[\frac{k}{2}+\frac{1}{3k+5}\right] = 13k+2[3k2+5k+22(3k+5)]\frac{1}{3k+2}\left[\frac{3k^2+5k+2}{2(3k+5)}\right]
= 3k2+5k+22(3k+2)(3k+5)\frac{3k^2+5k+2}{2(3k+2)(3k+5)} = (3k+2)(k+1)2(3k+2)(3k+5)\frac{(3k+2)(k+1)}{2(3k+2)(3k+5)}
= k+16k+10\frac{k+1}{6k+10} = k+16(k+1)+4\frac{k+1}{6(k+1)+4} = R.H.S.
Since k ≠ -2/3
Thus P(k + 1) is true, whenever P(k) is true.
Hence, by the principle of mathematical induction, P(n) is true ∀ n ∈ N.
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