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NCERT Class XI Mathematics - Introduction to Three Dimensional Geometry - Solutions

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Question : 9 of 20
Marks: +1, -0
Find the equation of the set of points P, the sum of whose distances from A(4, 0, 0) and B(–4, 0, 0) is equal to 10.
Solution:  
Let P(x, y, z) be any point.
Then PA = (x4)2+(y0)2+(z0)2\sqrt{(x-4)^2+(y-0)^2+(z-0)^2} = x2+168x+y2+z2\sqrt{x^2+16-8x+y^2+z^2}
PB = (x+4)2+(y0)2+(z0)2\sqrt{(x+4)^2+(y-0)^2+(z-0)^2} = x2+16+8x+y2+z2\sqrt{x^2+16+8x+y^2+z^2}
It is given that PA + PB = 10
x2+168x+y2+z2\sqrt{x^2+16-8x+y^2+z^2} + x2+16+8x+y2+z2\sqrt{x^2+16+8x+y^2+z^2} = 10
x2+168x+y2+z2\sqrt{x^2+16-8x+y^2+z^2} = 10 - x2+16+8x+y2+z2\sqrt{x^2+16+8x+y^2+z^2} ... (i)
Squaring (i) on both sides, we have
x2x^2 + 16 - 8x + y2+z2y^2+z^2 = 100 + x2x^2 + 16 + 8x + y2+z2y^2+z^2 - 20 x2+16+8x+y2+z2\sqrt{x^2+16+8x+y^2+z^2}
⇒ 20 x2+16+8x+y2+z2\sqrt{x^2+16+8x+y^2+z^2} = 16x + 100
⇒ 5 = 4x + 25
x2+16+8x+y2+z2\sqrt{x^2+16+8x+y^2+z^2}
Squaring on both sides again, we have
25 (x2+16+8x+y2+z2x^2 + 16 + 8x + y^2 + z^2) = 16x216x^2 + 625 + 200x
25x225x^2 + 400 + 200x + 25y2+25z216x225y^2 + 25z^2 - 16x^2 – 625 – 200x = 0
9x2+25y2+25z29x^2 + 25y^2 + 25z^2 – 225 = 0
Thus the required equation is 9x2+25y2+25z29x^2 + 25y^2 + 25z^2 – 225 = 0
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