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NCERT Class XI Mathematics - Binomial Theorem - Solutions

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Question : 27 of 36
Marks: +1, -0
Find a, b and n in the expansion of (a+b)n(a + b)^n if the first three terms of theexpansion are 729, 7290 and 30375, respectively.
Solution:  
The first three terms of the expansion (a+b)n(a + b)^n are ,nC0an,,nC1an1b,,nC2an2b2\,,^{n}C_0 a^n , \,,^{n}C_1 a^{n-1} b , \,,^{n}C_2 a^{n-2} b^2. Then
,nC0an\,,^{n}C_0 a^n = 729 ⇒ ana^n = 729 ... (i)
,nC0an1b\,,^{n}C_0 a^{n-1}b = 7290 ⇒ nan1bna^{n-1}b = 7290 ... (ii)
,nC2an2b2\,,^{n}C_2 a^{n-2} b^2 = 30375
n(n1)2an2b2\frac{n(n-1)}{2} a^{n-2} b^2 = 30375 ... (iii)
Multiplying (i) & (iii), we get
n(n1)2a2n2b2\frac{n(n-1)}{2} a^{2n-2} b^2 = 729 × 30375 ... (iv)
Squaring (ii) we get n2a2n2b2n^2 a^{2n-2} b^2 = 7290 × 7290 ... (v)
Dividing (iv) by (v), we get
n12n\frac{n-1}{2n} = 60752×7290\frac{6075}{2 \times 7290} = 512\frac{5}{12} ⇒ 6n - 6 = 5n ⇒ n = 6
Put n = 6 in (i) we get a6a^6 = 729 ⇒ a = 3
Substitute n = 6, a = 3 in (ii), we get
6(3)5b6(3)^5 b = 7290 ⇒ b = 72906×(3)5\frac{7290}{6 \times (3)^5} ⇒ b = 5
Thus, a = 3, b = 5, n = 6.
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